10 questions🇬🇧English
🫘 Kidneys & Osmoregulation – A-level
Biology · A-level — practise nephron structure, ultrafiltration, reabsorption, the loop of Henle and the role of ADH.
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Questions
In the nephron, where does ultrafiltration take place?
Across the wall of the collecting duct
Across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule
Between the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Across the wall of the loop of Henle
20s
Which part of the brain contains the osmoreceptors that detect changes in the water potential of the blood?
Cerebellum
Posterior pituitary
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
20s
From which gland is ADH released into the blood?
Posterior pituitary
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Anterior pituitary
20s
Why is the hydrostatic pressure of blood in the glomerulus high?
The glomerular capillary walls are very thick
The efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent one
The glomerulus is supplied by the renal vein
The afferent arteriole is wider than the efferent one
30s
Which of these is normally absent from the glomerular filtrate of a healthy person?
Glucose
Plasma proteins
Sodium ions
Urea
20s
How is glucose taken up from the filtrate into the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule?
By co-transport with sodium ions
By osmosis down a water potential gradient
By endocytosis into the epithelial cells
By simple diffusion through the bilayer
30s
After heavy sweating, the water potential of the blood falls. Which response restores it?
More ADH; a small volume of concentrated urine
Less ADH; a large volume of dilute urine
More ADH; a large volume of dilute urine
Less ADH; a small volume of concentrated urine
30s
Which statement correctly describes the thick part of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Takes in Na⁺ and Cl⁻; permeable to water
Loses water by osmosis; impermeable to ions
Pumps out Na⁺ and Cl⁻; permeable to water
Pumps out Na⁺ and Cl⁻; impermeable to water
30s
Desert mammals have very long loops of Henle. Why does this let them produce more concentrated urine?
It makes the collecting duct impermeable to water
It creates a steeper water potential gradient in the medulla
It greatly increases the rate of ultrafiltration
It allows water to be actively pumped out of the filtrate
30s
ADH binds to receptors on collecting duct cells. How does this increase water reabsorption?
Aquaporins are removed from the cell-surface membrane
Vesicles add aquaporins to the cell-surface membrane
Water is actively transported into the cells
Extra Na⁺ pumps are added to the glomerulus
30s